Assessment of fish protein hydrolysate as a substitute for fish meal in white shrimp diets: Impact on growth, immune response, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.

This study investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate derived from barramundi on growth performance, muscle composition, immune response, disease resistance, histology and gene expression in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). In vitro studies demonstrated FPH enhanced mRNA expressions of key immune-related genes and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytic activity in shrimp hemocytes. To evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with FPH in vivo, four isoproteic (43 %), isolipidic (6 %), and isoenergetic diets (489 kcal/100 g) were formulated with fish meal substitution levels of 0 % (control), 30 % (FPH30), 65 % (FPH65), and 100 % (FPH100). After 8-week feeding, the growth performance of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly lower than that of control and FPH30 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the midgut histological examination revealed the wall thickness and villi height of FPH100 were significantly lower than those of control (p < 0.05). The shrimps were received the challenge of AHPND + Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 and 8. All FPH-fed groups significantly enhanced resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 (p < 0.05). However, this protective effect diminished after long-period feeding. No significant difference of survival rate was observed among all groups at week 8 (p > 0.05). The expressions of immune-related genes were analyzed at week 4 before and after challenge. In control group, V. parahaemolyticus significantly elevated SOD in hepatopancreas and Muc 19, trypsin, Midline-fas, and GPx in foregut (p < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreatic SOD of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly higher than that of control before challenge (p < 0.05). Immune parameters were measured at week 8. Compared with control, the phagocytic index of FPH 30 was significantly higher (p < 0.05). However, dietary FPH did not alter ROS production, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, and total hemocyte count (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that FPH30 holds promise as a feed without adverse impacts on growth performance while enhancing the immunological response of white shrimp.

Immunotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring oncogenic driver alterations other than EGFR: a multicenter real-world analysis.

Background: The administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with oncogenic driver alterations other than epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) aroused a heated discussion. We thus aimed to evaluate ICI treatment in these patients in real-world routine clinical practice. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted for NSCLC patients with at least one gene alteration (KRAS, HER2, BRAF, MET, RET, ALK, ROS1) receiving ICI monotherapy or combination treatment. The data regarding clinicopathologic characteristics, clinical efficacy, and safety were investigated. Results: A total of 216 patients were included, the median age was 60 years, 72.7% of patients were male, and 46.8% had a smoking history. The molecular alterations involved KRAS (n=95), HER2 (n=42), BRAF (n=22), MET (n=21), RET (n=14), ALK (n=14), and ROS1 (n=8); 56.5% of patients received immunotherapy in the first-line, and the rest 43.5% were treated as a second-line and above. For the entire cohort who received immunotherapy-based regimens in the first-line, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.5 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 24.8 months. For the entire cohort who received immunotherapy-based regimens in the second-line and above, the median PFS was 4.7 months and median OS was 17.1 months. KRAS mutated NSCLC treated with immunotherapy-based regimens in the first-line setting had a median PFS and OS were 7.8 and 26.1 months, respectively. Moreover, the median PFS and OS of immunotherapy-based regimens for KRAS-mutant NSCLC that progressed after chemotherapy were 5.9 and 17.1 months. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression level was not consistently associated with response to immunotherapy across different gene alteration subsets. In the KRAS group, PD-L1 positivity [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%] was associated with better PFS and OS according to the multivariate Cox analysis. No statistically significant association was found for smoking status, age, or gender with clinical efficacy in any gene group analyses. Conclusions: KRAS-mutant NSCLC could obtain clinical benefits from ICIs either for treatment-naive patients or those who have experienced progression after chemotherapy, and PD-L1 positive expression (TPS >1%) may be a potential positive predictor. For NSCLC with ALK, RET and ROS1 rearrangement, MET exon 14 skipping mutation, or BRAF V600E mutation, effectiveness of single or combined ICI therapy remains limited, therefore, targeted therapies should be considered prior to immunotherapy regimens. Future studies should address the investigation of better predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response in oncogene-driven NSCLC.

Effects of Nutrient Source, Temperature, and Salinity on the Growth and Survival of Three Giant Clam Species (Tridacnidae).

The habitats of giant clams are undergoing environmental changes, and giant clam populations are declining. The present study was conducted to facilitate clam conservation. We conducted three 18-week trials to investigate the effects of nutrient, temperature, and salinity on the growth performance and survival rates (SRs) of juvenile Tridacna noae, adult Tridacna crocea, and subadult Tridacna derasa, respectively. Regarding nutrient sources, no significant differences were observed in shell length gain, specific growth rate, or SR between clams fed with Chaetoceros muelleri or commercial feed (hw nanotip) and those in a control group (juvenile phototrophs). Regarding temperature, clams cultivated at 27 °C exhibited significantly better growth performance and SR than did those cultivated at 19 °C or 31 °C (p < 0.05). By week 6, all clams in the 19 °C and 31 °C groups had died, indicating that suboptimal growth temperatures have severe adverse effects. Regarding salinity, clams cultivated at 34‱ exhibited significantly higher length gains and specific growth rates than did those cultivated at 20‱ or 25‱ (p < 0.05). SR was not significantly affected by salinity. Understanding how environmental factors affect giant clam populations may help researchers devise effective clam conservation strategies.

Investigating the synergistic effects of amitriptyline and H. pylori eradication on depressive-like behaviors and inflammatory cytokines in mice.

BACKGROUND: Recent research has highlighted the potential role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of an antidepressant drug and H. pylori eradication therapy in a mouse model. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control, H. pylori infection, antidepressant treatment, and combined treatment. H. pylori infection was induced by oral gavage with a clinically relevant strain, and the antidepressant drug was administered via intraperitoneal injections. Behavioral tests including the forced swim test, sucrose preference test, and open field test were conducted to assess depressive-like behaviors and locomotor activity. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that H. pylori infection induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, as evidenced by increased immobility time in the forced swim test and reduced sucrose preference. Antidepressant treatment alone partially ameliorated these behavioral changes. Strikingly, the combined treatment of the antidepressant drug and H. pylori eradication therapy led to a significantly greater reduction in depressive-like behaviors compared to either treatment alone. Furthermore, the combined treatment group exhibited increased locomotor activity in the open field test, suggesting a potential improvement in overall psychomotor functioning. ELISA assays revealed alterations in inflammatory cytokines in the H. pylori-infected mice, which were partially attenuated by the combined treatment. CONCLUSION: The study provides novel evidence for the potential synergistic effects of an antidepressant drug and H. pylori eradication therapy in alleviating depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model.

Influencing factors of length of stay among repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders: a longitudinal study in China.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mood disorders usually require repeated and prolonged hospitalization, resulting in a heavy burden on healthcare resources. This study aims to identify variables associated with length of stay(LOS) of repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders and to provide information for optimizing psychiatry management and healthcare resource allocation. METHODS: Electronic medical records (EMRs) of repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders from January 2010 to December 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square and t-test were adopted to investigate the differences in characteristics between the two groups of short LOS and long LOS. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was conducted to investigate potential factors influencing LOS. RESULTS: A total of 2,009 repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders were enrolled, of which 797 (39.7%) had a long LOS and 1,212 (60.3%) had a short LOS. Adverse effects of treatment, continuous clinical manifestation, chronic onset type, suicide attempt, comorbidity and use of antidepressants were positively associated with long LOS among all repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders (P < 0.050). For patients with depression, factors associated with long LOS consisted of age, monthly income, adverse effects of treatment, continuous clinical manifestation, suicide attempt and comorbidity (P < 0.050). Whereas, for patients with bipolar disorder (BD), adverse effects of treatment, four or more hospitalizations and use of antidepressants contributed to the long LOS (P < 0.050). Influencing factors of LOS also vary among patients with different effectiveness of treatment. CONCLUSION: The LOS in repeatedly hospitalized patients with mood disorders was influenced by multiple factors. There were discrepancies in the factors affecting LOS in patients with different diagnoses and effectiveness of treatment, and specific factors should be addressed when evaluating the LOS.

GPX4 degradation contributes to fluoride-induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive impairment via mtROS-chaperone-mediated autophagy.

Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of programmed cell death that is implicated in the pathophysiological process of neurological disorders. Our previous studies have revealed that exposure to high concentrations of fluoride for long periods of time induces hippocampal neural injury and cognitive deficits. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in fluoride-induced neuronal death and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this study, the results indicated that exposure to high fluoride triggered ferroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and in the hippocampus of mice. Fluoride exposure accelerated the lysosomal degradation of GPX4 and led to neuronal ferroptosis, while GPX4 overexpression protected SH-SY5Y cells against fluoride-induced neurotoxicity. Intriguingly, the enhanced chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) induced by fluoride stimulation was responsible for GPX4 degradation because the inhibition of CMA activity by LAMP2A knockdown effectively prevented fluoride-induced GPX4 loss. Furthermore, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) accumulation caused by fluoride contributed to CMA activation-mediated GPX4 degradation and subsequent neuronal ferroptosis. Notably, the ferroptosis-specific inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) or the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) alleviated fluoride-evoked hippocampal neuronal death and synaptic injury as well as cognitive deficits in mice. The present studies indicates that ferroptosis is a novel mechanism of fluoride-induced neurotoxicity and that chronic fluoride exposure facilitates GPX4 degradation via mtROS chaperone-mediated autophagy, leading to neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive impairment.

A Fluorination Strategy and Low-Acidity Anchoring Group in Self-Assembled Molecules for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Herein, we synthesized two donor-acceptor (D-A) type small organic molecules with self-assembly properties, namely MPA-BT-BA and MPA-2FBT-BA, both containing a low acidity anchoring group, benzoic acid. After systematically investigation, it is found that, with the fluorination, the MPA-2FBT-BA demonstrates a lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, higher hole mobility, higher hydrophobicity and stronger interaction with the perovskite layer than that of MPA-BT-BA. As a result, the device based-on MPA-2FBT-BA displays a better crystallization and morphology of perovskite layer with larger grain size and less non-radiative recombination. Consequently, the device using MPA-2FBT-BA as hole transport material achieved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.32 % and remarkable stability. After being kept in an N2 glove box for 116 days, the unsealed PSCs' device retained 93 % of its initial PCE. Even exposed to air with a relative humidity range of 30±5 % for 43 days, its PCE remained above 91 % of its initial condition. This study highlights the vital importance of the fluorination strategy combined with a low acidity anchoring group in SAMs, offering a pathway to achieve efficient and stable PSCs.

Cadmium exposure induced neuronal ferroptosis and cognitive deficits via the mtROS-ferritinophagy pathway.

Exposure to environmental cadmium (Cd) is known to cause neuronal death and cognitive decline in humans. Ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent type of regulated cell death, is involved in various neurological disorders. In the present study, Cd exposure triggered ferroptosis in the mouse hippocampus and in the HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cell line, as indicated by significant increases in ferroptotic marker expression, intracellular iron levels, and lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons in response to Cd exposure relied on the induction of autophagy since the suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) substantially ameliorated Cd-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated degradation of ferritin was required for the Cd-induced ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons, demonstrating that NCOA4 knockdown decreased intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation and increased cell survival, following Cd exposure. Moreover, Cd-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation was essential for the ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis of hippocampal neurons. Importantly, pretreatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) effectively attenuated Cd-induced hippocampal neuronal death and cognitive impairment in mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that ferroptosis is a novel mechanism underlying Cd-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment and that the mtROS-ferritinophagy axis modulates Cd-induced neuronal ferroptosis.

Application of targeted liposomes-based salvianolic acid A for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Novel therapeutics for the treatment of ischemic stroke remains to be the unmet clinical needs. Previous studies have indicated that salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a promising candidate for the treatment of the brain diseases. However, SAA has poor absolute bioavailability and does not efficiently cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limit its efficacy. To this end we developed a brain-targeted liposomes for transporting SAA via the BBB by incorporating the liposomes to a transport receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). The liposomes were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradients loading method. The prepared SAA-loaded liposomes (Lipo/SAA) were modified with IGF1R monoclonal antibody to generate IGF1R antibody-conjugated Lipo/SAA (IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA). The penetration of IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA into the brain was confirmed by labeling with Texas Red, and their efficacy were evaluate using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The results showed that IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA are capable of transporting SAA across the BBB into the brain, accumulation in brain tissue, and sustained releasing SAA for several hours. Administration o IGF1R-targeted Lipo/SAA notably reduced infarct size and neuronal damage, improved neurological function and inhibited cerebral inflammation, which had much higher efficiency than no-targeted SAA.

Impaired glymphatic clearance in multiple system atrophy: A diffusion spectrum imaging study.

INTRODUCTION: Impaired α-synuclein clearance is pivotal in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We evaluated glymphatic clearance in multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients using advanced imaging. METHODS: Forty-four MSA patients (11 with MSA-parkinsonian type [MSA-P] and 33 with MSA-cerebellar type [MSA-C]) and 30 healthy controls were studied using diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI-MRI). Diffusivities were measured along the x-, y-, and z-axes to calculate the Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (ALPS) index. Comparisons of the ALPS index were conducted between MSA patients and controls and among MSA subtypes. The ALPS index correlation with the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) scores was also analyzed. RESULTS: The ALPS index differed significantly between patients with MSA and healthy controls, with lower values observed in the former (1.46 ± 0.17 versus1.63 ± 0.12, p < 0.001). Both MSA-P and MSA-C patients had lower ALPS-index (1.40 ± 0.13, p < 0.001; 1.47 ± 0.18, p = 0.003, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two (p = 0.22). No correlation was found between the ALPS index and clinical scores for UMASRS I (r = -0.08, p = 0.61), UMASRS II (r = -0.04, p = 0.81), or UMASRS I + II (r = -0.05, p = 0.74). CONCLUSION: MSA patients show reduced glymphatic clearance as measured by the ALPS index, underscoring the utility of this imaging method in neurodegenerative disease research.

Dietary lipoic acid alleviates autism-like behavior induced by acrylamide in adolescent mice: the potential involvement of the gut-brain axis.

Consuming fried foods has been associated with an increased susceptibility to mental health disorders. Nevertheless, the impact of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA, LA) on fried food-induced autism-like behavior remains unclear. This study aimed to explore how LA affects autism-related behavior and cognitive deficits caused by acrylamide in mice, a representative food hazard found in fried foods. This improvement was accomplished by enhanced synaptic plasticity, increased neurotrophin expression, elevated calcium-binding protein D28k, and restored serotonin. Additionally, LA substantially influenced the abundance of bacteria linked to autism and depression, simultaneously boosted short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in fecal samples, and induced changes in serum amino acid concentrations. In summary, these findings suggested that exposure to acrylamide in adolescent mice could induce the development of social disorders in adulthood. LA showed promise as a nutritional intervention strategy to tackle emotional disorders during adolescence.

Multi-Omics Analysis of the Effects of Soil Amendment on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Photosynthesis under Drip Irrigation with Brackish Water.

Drip irrigation with brackish water increases the risk of soil salinization while alleviating water shortage in arid areas. In order to alleviate soil salinity stress on crops, polymer soil amendments are increasingly used. But the regulation mechanism of a polymer soil amendment composed of polyacrylamide polyvinyl alcohol, and manganese sulfate (PPM) on rapeseed photosynthesis under drip irrigation with different types of brackish water is still unclear. In this field study, PPM was applied to study the responses of the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) phenotype, photosynthetic physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics at the peak flowering stage under drip irrigation with water containing 6 g·L-1 NaCl (S) and Na2CO3 (A). The results showed that the inhibitory effect of the A treatment on rapeseed photosynthesis was greater than that of the S treatment, which was reflected in the higher Na+ content (73.30%) and lower photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters (6.30-61.54%) and antioxidant enzyme activity (53.13-77.10%) of the A-treated plants. The application of PPM increased the biomass (63.03-75.91%), photosynthetic parameters (10.55-34.06%), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (33.83-62.52%), leaf pigment content (10.30-187.73%), and antioxidant enzyme activity (28.37-198.57%) under S and A treatments. However, the difference is that under the S treatment, PPM regulated the sulfur metabolism, carbon fixation and carbon metabolism pathways in rapeseed leaves. And it also regulated the photosynthesis-, oxidative phosphorylation-, and TCA cycle-related metabolic pathways in rapeseed leaves under A treatment. This study will provide new insights for the application of polymer materials to tackle the salinity stress on crops caused by drip irrigation with brackish water, and solve the difficulty in brackish water utilization.

Construction of LncRNA-mediated CeRNA network for investigating the immune pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human health. However, an immune-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has not been reported in MI. METHODS: The GSE66360, GSE19339, GSE97320, GSE61741, and GSE168281 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) from MI patients and healthy controls were screened and an immune-related ceRNA network was constructed. Furthermore, the key long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) highly related to the immune mechanism of MI were identified utilizing the random walk with restart algorithm. Finally, the expression of the hub genes was further verified in the GSE66360, GSE19339, and GSE97320 datasets, and quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for the MI patients and healthy controls. RESULTS: A total of 184 differentially expressed immune-related genes(DE-IRGs) and 432 DE-miRNAs were obtained, and an immune-related ceRNA network comprising 1421 lncRNAs, 61 DE-miRNAs, and 139 DE-IRGs was constructed. According to the order of stress, betweenness, and closeness, NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and XIST were identified as key lncRNAs. Moreover, random walk with restart analysis also suggested that NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and XIST are key lncRNAs. Subsequently, a ceRNA network of 10 hub genes and 3 lncRNAs was constructed. Finally, we found that the expression of FCER1G and TYROBP significantly differed between MI patients and control individuals in the GSE66360, GSE19339, and GSE97320 datasets. qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, FCER1G, and TYROBP was significantly elevated in MI tissue samples compared to healthy control tissue samples. CONCLUSION: NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, FCER1G, and TYROBP are involved in MI and can be used as molecular biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of MI. Furthermore, the immune system plays an essential role in the onset and progression of MI.

NLCECA score: a serum inflammatory-tumor biomarker score to predict survival of advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.

Prognostic features in advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) patients who received first-line hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) are unknown. The purpose of our study was to develop an applicable score based on serum inflammatory-tumor biomarkers to predict the survival of advanced pCCA patients who received first-line HAIC. In total, 106 advanced pCCA patients were enrolled as the training cohort. The optimal cutoff values of baseline variables were defined by the receiver operating characteristic method or according to previous publications. According to the results of Cox regression analysis, baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3.19, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) > 10 ng/mL, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) > 200 U/mL were identified as independent survival predictors, which were used to develop the NLCECA score (NLR, CEA, and CA19-9). When including the NLCECA score in the multivariate analysis, the NLCECA score was the only independent predictor of survival. The risk of survival decreased by 111.9% for each 1-point increase in the NLCECA score. Additionally, the NLCECA score could also predict survival in another 33 patients in the validation cohort (P < 0.001). In summary, the NLCECA score is a potential biomarker system for predicting the survival of advanced pCCA patients who received first-line HAIC.

Lactobacillus plantarum LLY-606 Supplementation Ameliorates the Cognitive Impairment of Natural Aging in Mice: The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota Homeostasis.

This work explored the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum LLY-606 (LLY-606) on cognitive function in aging mice. Our findings demonstrated that LLY-606 effectively prolonged the lifespan of mice and improved age-related cognitive impairments. Additionally, our study revealed that supplementation with LLY-606 resulted in the downregulation of inflammatory cytokine levels and the upregulation of antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation effectively mitigated the deterioration of the intestinal barrier function in aging mice. Amplicon analysis indicated the successful colonization of probiotics, facilitating the regulation of age-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Notably, the functional abundance prediction of microbiota indicated that tryptophan metabolism pathways, glutamatergic synapse pathways, propanoate metabolism pathways, and arginine and proline metabolism pathways were enriched after the LLY-606 intervention. In summary, LLY-606 emerged as a potential functional probiotic capable of influencing cognitive function in aging mice. This effect was achieved through the modulation of gut microbiota, the regulation of synaptic plasticity, and the enhancement of neurotrophic factor levels.

Torsional Strain Enabled Ring-Opening Polymerization towards Axially Chiral Semiaromatic Polyesters with Chemical Recyclability.

The development of new chemically recyclable polymers via monomer design would provide a transformative strategy to address the energy crisis and plastic pollution problem. Biaryl-fused cyclic esters were targeted to generate axially chiral polymers, which would impart new material performance. To overcome the non-polymerizability of the biaryl-fused monomer DBO, a cyclic ester Me-DBO installed with dimethyl substitution was prepared to enable its polymerizability via enhancing torsional strain. Impressively, Me-DBO readily went through well-controlled ring-opening polymerization, producing polymer P(Me-DBO) with high glass transition temperature (Tg >100 °C). Intriguingly, mixing these complementary enantiopure polymers containing axial chirality promoted a transformation from amorphous to crystalline material, affording a semicrystalline stereocomplex with a melting transition temperature more than 300 °C. P(Me-DBO) were capable of depolymerizing back to Me-DBO in high efficiency, highlighting an excellent recyclability.

Development and validation of a clinical prediction model for glioma grade using machine learning.

BACKGROUND: Histopathological evaluation is currently the gold standard for grading gliomas; however, this technique is invasive. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic prediction model for glioma by employing multiple machine learning algorithms to identify risk factors associated with high-grade glioma, facilitating the prediction of glioma grading. METHODS: Data from 1114 eligible glioma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, which was divided into a training set (n= 781) and a test set (n= 333). Fifty machine learning algorithms were employed, and the optimal algorithm was selected to construct a prediction model. The performance of the machine learning prediction model was compared to the clinical prediction model in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical validity to assess the performance of the prediction model. RESULTS: The area under the curve (AUC) values of the machine learning prediction models (training set: 0.870 vs. 0.740, test set: 0.863 vs. 0.718) were significantly improved from the clinical prediction models. Furthermore, significant improvement in discrimination was observed for the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) (training set: 0.230, test set: 0.270) and Net Reclassification Index (NRI) (training set: 0.170, test set: 0.170) from the clinical prognostic model. Both models showed a high goodness of fit and an increased net benefit. CONCLUSION: A strong prediction accuracy model can be developed using machine learning algorithms to screen for high-grade glioma risk predictors, which can serve as a non-invasive prediction tool for preoperative diagnostic grading of glioma.

Association of LDL-C/HDL-C ratio with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common heart disease and a leading cause of death in developed countries and some developing countries such as China. It is recognized as a multifactorial disease, with dyslipidemia being closely associated with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between a single indicator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CHD. However, the association between LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (LHR) and CHD remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the association between LHR and CHD. METHODS: This meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were comprehensively searched up to June 15, 2023, to find the studies that indicated the connection between LHR and CHD. A total of 12 published studies were selected. The random-effects model was used to pool the data and mean difference (MD), and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were taken as the overall outcome. No language restrictions existed in the study selection. The Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 12 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Twelve high-quality clinical studies involving 5544 participants, including 3009 patients with CHD, were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed that the LHR was higher by 0.65 in patients with CHD than in those without CHD (MD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80). CONCLUSION: The LHR was found to be positively correlated with CHD, suggesting that it may serve as a potential indicator of CHD.

The safety and efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in outpatient surgical centers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment method for knee osteoarthritis. With the development and implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery, UKA is now increasingly performed in outpatient surgical centers. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the safety and effectiveness of performing UKA in outpatient settings. METHODS: The search was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on outpatient UKA from PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, and WanFangData databases. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases until August 31, 2023. After independent screening, data extraction, and risk of bias evaluation by two researchers, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of eight studies involving 18,411 patients were included. The results showed that the postoperative transfusion rate in the outpatient group was lower than that in the inpatient group [OR = 0.36, 95%CI (0.24, 0.54), p < 0.00001], and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of readmission rate, reoperation rate, surgical site infection, and periprosthetic fracture. The differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Compared to the traditional inpatient route, the blood transfusion rate for single-condyle replacement in the outpatient operation center is lower, and there is no significant difference in readmission rate, reoperation rate, surgical site infection, and periprosthesis fracture. The outpatient approach to UKA is safe, feasible, and highly satisfactory for patients. However, the results have certain limitations, and a rigorous preoperative complication risk assessment can minimize the risk of UKA in outpatient surgery centers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO number CRD42023405373.

Systematic evaluation of the degree of joint amnesia in patients after total hip arthroplasty with direct anterior approach (DAA) compared with posterior approach (PA).

OBJECTIVE: A comparative study of joint amnesia in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty with the direct anterior approach and posterior approach was conducted through a comprehensive evaluation. METHODS: The literature on joint amnesia in postoperative patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty by the direct anterior approach and the posterior approach was systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, and VIP databases from the time of library construction until February 13, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software after independent searching, screening of the literature, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies by two investigators in strict accordance with the guidelines for conducting meta-analyses. RESULTS: A total of one RCT and six cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results indicated that at 1 month postoperatively (MD = 2.08, 95% CI (0.20, 3.96), P = 0.03), 3 months (MD = 10.08, 95% CI (1.20, 18.96), P = 0.03), and 1 year (MD = 6.74, 95% CI (1.30, 12.19), P = 0.02), DAA total hip arthroplasty was associated with better FJS compared to PA at 1 year postoperatively. However, there was no statistical significance in FJS between the two groups at 5 years postoperatively (MD = 1.35, 95% CI (- 0.58, 3.28), P = 0.17). CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that the degree of joint amnesia after THA for DAA was not found to be superior to that of PA. Further, these findings require confirmation by including a larger number of high-quality randomized controlled studies. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.